Biroroshye kwizera ko amazi atemba ava muri robine yawe afite isuku rwose kandi afite umutekano wo kuyanywa. Ariko, ikibabaje, imyaka mirongo yubuziranenge bwamazi meza bivuze ko amasoko menshi, niba atari yose, amasoko y'amazi muri Amerika arimo byibuze umwanda. Ibi bituma akayunguruzo k'amazi ari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu rugo urwo arirwo rwose.
Ikize wenyine ikibazo cyo kugura amacupa ahenze kandi adashoboka hamwe na sisitemu yo kuyungurura, yemerewe gukuraho uburozi ninzobere mu mazi yo kunywa.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwayungurura amazi kumasoko: akayunguruzo ka karubone na rezo ya osmose. Amasafuriya menshi, amacupa hamwe na disipanseri bifite ibikoresho bya filteri ya karubone.
Bafite karubone ikora ikora imitego minini nka gurş. Sydney Evans, umusesenguzi wa siyanse mu itsinda rishinzwe ibidukikije (EWG) ku ihumana ry’amazi ya robine, avuga ko ubwo buryo bworoshye bwo kuyungurura, bwumvikana kandi buhendutse. Caveat nuko bashobora gufata gusa umubare runaka wanduye. Bakeneye kandi gusimburwa buri gihe kuko ibyanduye bishobora kwiyongera imbere muyungurura ya karubone no gutesha agaciro ubwiza bwamazi mugihe.
Akayunguruzo ka osmose karimo akayunguruzo ka karubone hamwe nindi membrane kugirango ifate umwanda muto amakara adashobora. Eric D. Olson yabisobanuye agira ati: “Bizungurura ibintu hafi ya byose mu mazi yawe, kugeza aho ushobora gushaka kongeramo ibintu nk'umunyu cyangwa imyunyu ngugu kugira ngo ubihe uburyohe.” Njyanama (Inama ishinzwe kurengera umutungo kamere).
Mugihe ibyoyungurura bifite akamaro kanini mugutwara ibice byiza, bikunda kuba bihenze kandi bigoye kuyishyiraho. Evans avuga kandi ko bakoresha amazi menshi mugihe bakora, ikintu ugomba kuzirikana niba utuye ahantu hatari amazi.
Kubijyanye nubwoko bwa filteri yo guhitamo, biterwa nibyanduye mumasoko yawe y'amazi. Buri kintu kinini cy’amazi muri Amerika (gikorera abantu barenga 50.000) gisabwa n amategeko kugerageza amazi yabo buri mwaka no gutangaza raporo y'ibisubizo. Yitwa Raporo yubuziranenge bwamazi yumwaka, uburenganzira bwo kumenya raporo, cyangwa raporo yicyizere cyabaguzi. Bikwiye kuba byoroshye kurubuga rwingirakamaro. Urashobora kandi kugenzura ububiko bwamazi ya EWG kugirango urebe vuba vuba ibyavumbuwe mukarere kawe. .
Witegure: raporo yubuziranenge bwamazi irashobora kuba irimo amakuru menshi. Mu bisobanuro birenga 300 byanduye byagaragaye muri sisitemu yo kunywa amazi yo muri Amerika, Evans yasobanuye ati: “90 muri byo ni byo byonyine bigengwa (amategeko abuza amategeko) ntibisobanura ko ari umutekano.”
Olson yavuze ko byinshi mu bipimo by’umutekano w’amazi yo kunywa mu gihugu bitigeze bivugururwa kuva mu myaka ya za 1970 na 1980 kandi ko bidahuye n’ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa. Ntabwo kandi buri gihe bazirikana ko nubwo ibintu bifite umutekano mukunywa mukigero gito, birashobora gutera ingaruka zitifuzwa iyo zifashwe burimunsi, inshuro nyinshi kumunsi. Ati: "Ufite ibintu bitari bike bigira ingaruka ako kanya, ariko kandi nibintu bigaragara nyuma yimyaka, ariko bikomeye cyane, nka kanseri".
Abakoresha amazi meza cyangwa bakoresha sisitemu ntoya ya komine bakeka ko itabungabunzwe nabi barashobora no kureba muyungurura amazi. Usibye kuyungurura imyanda ihumanya imiti, banica indwara ziterwa n’amazi zishobora gutera indwara nka legionella. Nyamara, sisitemu nyinshi zo gutunganya amazi zirazikuraho, ntabwo rero ari ikibazo kubantu benshi.
Olson na Evans bombi ntibashaka gutanga akayunguruzo hejuru yandi, kuko amahitamo yawe meza azaterwa nisoko y'amazi. Imibereho yawe nayo igira uruhare, kuko abantu bamwe bameze neza hamwe nigikono gito cyuzuye buri munsi, mugihe abandi bararakara kandi bakeneye sisitemu nini yo kuyungurura. Kubungabunga no gukoresha bije nibindi bitekerezo; Nubwo sisitemu ya osmose ihenze cyane, ntabwo isaba kubungabunga no kuyungurura.
Hamwe nibitekerezo, twagiye imbere dushakisha akayunguruzo karindwi kwoza amazi muburyo butandukanye gato, ariko bose bakora akazi neza. Twize neza isuzuma ryabakiriya kugirango tubone ibicuruzwa bifite ibibazo bike kandi byoroshye gukoresha burimunsi.
Amahitamo ari hepfo akubiyemo ingengo yimari, ingano, na sisitemu, ariko byose bitanga amanota menshi kugirango byoroshye kwishyiriraho, gukoresha, no gusimburwa nkuko bikenewe. Buri sosiyete ikorera mu mucyo kubyerekeye umwanda filtri yabo igabanya kandi ikabigenga byigenga byapimwe nabandi bantu bipimisha kubyo bavuga bakora.
“Ni ngombwa ko abantu batagura akayunguruzo kubera ko [isosiyete] ivuga ko ari akayunguruzo keza. Ugomba kubona akayunguruzo kemewe, ”Olson. Nkibyo, ibicuruzwa byose biri kururu rutonde byemejwe na NSF International cyangwa Ishyirahamwe ry’amazi meza (WSA), imiryango ibiri yigenga yipimisha yigenga mu nganda z’amazi meza. Ntushobora kubona amagambo adasobanutse adashyigikiwe nikizamini cya gatatu.
Iyungurura yose yageragejwe yigenga kugirango igaragaze ko igabanya ibyanduye. Tumenye bimwe mubintu byanduye mubisobanuro byibicuruzwa byacu.
Iyungurura yose yashizweho kugirango irambe kurenza abo bahanganye kandi irashobora gusimburwa byoroshye kandi byihuse mugihe bikenewe.
Muri uru rutonde, uzasangamo akayunguruzo kajyanye nibyo ukunda, kuva mubibindi bito bikonje kugeza kuri sisitemu yo munzu yose.
Tuzashiramo rwose gushungura karubone hamwe na rezo ya osmose muyunguruzi kurutonde rwacu uburyohe na bije.
Akayunguruzo k'amakara ya PUR kazana imashini eshatu kandi biroroshye kuyishyira kuri robine nyinshi (gusa ntugerageze kuyishira kubikuramo cyangwa gukuramo amaboko). Abasesengura bavuga ko byoroshye gushira muminota kandi bitanga amazi meza. Ikiranga igihagararo cyibicuruzwa ni urumuri rwubatswe ruzakumenyesha mugihe akayunguruzo gakeneye gusimburwa, kugabanya amahirwe yo kwanduza amazi kuva muyungurura. Buriyungurura isanzwe isukura litiro 100 zamazi kandi ikamara amezi atatu. Byemejwe na NSF gukuraho 70 byanduye (reba urutonde rwuzuye hano), iyi filteri ninziza kubashaka kurinda amazi yo mu gikoni amazi y’isasu, imiti yica udukoko hamwe n’udukoko twangiza udakeneye kuyungurura byuzuye. Ni amahitamo meza kuri sisitemu ya osmose.
Niba buri gihe ukunda amazi akonje, ayungurujwe muri firigo (kandi ntutinye guhora wuzuza isafuriya), ubwo buryo ni ubwawe. Nibyoroshye kandi biranga spout idasanzwe yo hejuru hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyogufasha kuzuza icupa ryamazi byihuse no kubona amazi meza mugihe igice cyo hejuru kiracyayungurura. Abasesengura bashimye igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nogupima ubuziranenge bwamazi agufasha kumenya igihe cyo guhindura akayunguruzo. . . . yumisha kandi inkono kugirango ifumbire idakora. Akayunguruzo ni NSF yemerewe kugabanya PFOS / PFOA, kuyobora no kurutonde rwanduye.
Sisitemu ya APEC ninziza mugushiraho ibikoresho byo gukaraba. Igishushanyo mbonera cya osmose kirimo ibyiciro bitanu byo kuyungurura kugirango bigabanye umwanda urenga 1.000 mumazi yo kunywa. Gusa ikitagenda neza nuko buriyungurura igomba gusimburwa kugiti cye, ariko ntibirenze rimwe mumwaka. Mugihe hariho uburyo bwo kuyobora kubikora wenyine, ushobora gukenera guhamagara umunyamwuga niba utabishoboye. Bimaze gushyirwaho, abasesengura bashimye ko sisitemu ishimangirwa kugirango ikumire kandi itange amazi meza cyane arenze ubushobozi bwa filteri ya karubone isanzwe.
Sisitemu yinzu yose izakomeza amazi yawe kuyungurura kugeza kumyaka itandatu kandi irashobora gutwara litiro 600.000 utabisimbuye. Igishushanyo cyayo kinini cyungurura ibihumanya imiti, koroshya no kweza amazi mugihe ukuraho mikorobe, virusi na bagiteri. Yashizweho kugirango itange amazi vuba bidatinze kandi bivurwa kugirango birinde gukura kwa bagiteri na algae. Abasesengura menya ko iyo umaze kwinjizwamo (ushobora guhamagara umuhanga), sisitemu ahanini ikora ubwayo kandi bisaba kubungabungwa bike.
Icupa ryamazi yamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi yungurura 23 yanduye muri robine, harimo gurş, chlorine nudukoko twica udukoko, kandi icupa ubwaryo ni BPA kubuntu. Akayunguruzo kayo karashobora gukurura litiro 30 z'amazi kandi mubisanzwe bimara amezi atatu. Birasabwa kubika mbere yo kuyungurura mbere, bagura $ 12.99 buri umwe. Abasesengura bashima icupa ryiza kandi rirambye, ariko umenye ko bisaba imbaraga zo kuvoma amazi yungurujwe mubyatsi. Ubu ni uburyo bwiza bwo kujyana nawe niba ugenda mukarere gashya kandi ukaba utazi neza amazi.
Ikiruhuko gikeneye gusiba vuba no kweza amasoko y'amazi meza bazashaka kureba GRAYL. Iyi suku ikomeye ikuraho virusi na bagiteri kimwe na chlorine, imiti yica udukoko hamwe nicyuma kiremereye. Wuzuza gusa icupa amazi ava muruzi cyangwa kanda, kanda umupira kumasegonda umunani, hanyuma urekure, kandi ibirahuri bitatu byamazi meza biri murutoki rwawe. Buriyungurura ya karubone irashobora gukoresha hafi litiro 65 zamazi mbere yuko ikenera gusimburwa. Abasesengura bavuga ko ikora neza mukugenda muminsi myinshi, ariko uzirikane ko mugihe ugana mukarere ka kure, uzakenera buri gihe gutwara ibikoresho byamazi hamwe nawe mugihe bibaye.
Iyi disikuru idafite amazi ya BPA irashobora gushirwa kuri konte yawe cyangwa muri firigo yawe kugirango ubone amazi meza. Ifite ibirahuri 18 by'amazi, kandi abasesengura bavuga ko byoroshye gusuka umwobo. Turasaba kuyikoresha hamwe na NSF yemewe na Brita longlast + filter kugirango ikureho chlorine, gurş na mercure mugihe cyamezi atandatu (litiro 120). Bonus: Bitandukanye na filteri ya karubone, igomba gutabwa mu myanda, irashobora gukoreshwa hifashishijwe porogaramu ya TerraCycle.
Muri make, yego. Evans yasubiyemo agira ati: “Nubwo hari amategeko abigenga, amazi atemba ava kuri robine yawe atwara urwego runaka rw’ubuzima, bitewe n’imyanda iboneka mu mazi yawe yo kunywa ndetse n’urwego rwabo.” Ati: “Ntabwo ntekereza ko mu bushakashatsi bwanjye bwose nahuye n'amazi adafite umwanda. Hashobora kuba hari ikintu gikwiye gushungura. ”
Kubera ikinyuranyo kinini hagati y’amazi yo kunywa yemewe kandi meza, byishyura kwitonda no kuyungurura amazi unywa burimunsi.
Kurungurura amazi yawe hamwe na bumwe muri ubwo buryo burindwi bwemewe ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kwemeza ko utanywa ku bw'impanuka ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyagutera uburwayi. Umaze guhitamo kugiti cyawe kugura akayunguruzo, urashobora kandi gushaka gutekereza gufata ingamba zo kweza amazi yawe yose.
Olson yagize ati: “Igisubizo cyiza kuri buri wese ni ukugera ku mazi meza kandi yapimwe neza, bityo buri mugabo, umugore n'umwana ntibagomba kugura no kubungabunga akayunguruzo k'urugo ubwabo.”
Gushimangira amategeko y’amazi yo kunywa muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika ntagushidikanya ko ari inzira ndende kandi igoye, ariko urashobora kwerekana inkunga yawe ubaze umuyoboke waho wa Kongere cyangwa uhagarariye EPA hanyuma ugasaba abaturage bawe gushyiraho amahame y’amazi meza. Twizere ko umunsi umwe tutazakenera gushungura amazi yo kunywa na gato.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-04-2023