Abahanga basanga ibimenyetso byerekana tagisi 187 muri litiro 20 zamazi yakusanyirijwe hamwe mubidukikije bikaze kwisi.
Itsinda ry'abahanga bayobowe na Sosiyete ishinzwe kubungabunga inyamaswa (WCS) na kaminuza ya Leta ya Appalachian bakoresheje ADN y’ibidukikije (eDNA) kugira ngo bandike ibinyabuzima bitandukanye byo mu misozi miremire ku isi, uburebure bwa metero 29.032 (metero 8.849) z'umusozi wa Everest. Uyu murimo w'ingenzi ni igice cyo gutangiza 2019 National Geographic na Rolex Perpetual Planet Everest Expedition, ingendo nini nini ya siyansi ya Everest.
Iri tsinda ryanditse ku byo babonye mu kinyamakuru iScience, bakusanyije eDNA mu byitegererezo by’amazi yavuye mu byuzi icumi n’inzuzi zimbitse ziva kuri metero 14.763 (metero 4.500) kugeza kuri metero 18.044 (metero 5.500) mu byumweru bine. Izi mbuga zirimo uduce twumukandara wa alpine uboneka hejuru yumurongo wigiti kandi urimo urutonde rwibimera byindabyo nubwoko bwibihuru, hamwe numukandara wa aeolian urenze ibimera byindabyo nibihuru hejuru yubuzima bwibinyabuzima. Bagaragaje ibinyabuzima bigizwe na 187 byamatagisi kuva kuri litiro 20 gusa zamazi, bingana na 16.3%, cyangwa kimwe cya gatandatu, cyumubare rusange wibicuruzwa bizwi mugiti cyubuzima, igiti cyumuryango cyibinyabuzima bitandukanye kwisi.
eDNA ishakisha umubare wibintu bikomoka ku ngirabuzima fatizo zasizwe n’ibinyabuzima n’ibinyabuzima kandi bitanga uburyo buhendutse, bwihuse kandi bunoze bwo kunoza ubushobozi bw’ubushakashatsi bwo gusuzuma ibinyabuzima bitandukanye mu mazi. Ingero zegeranijwe hifashishijwe agasanduku gafunze karimo akayunguruzo gafata ibintu bikomoka ku ngirabuzima fatizo, hanyuma bigasesengurwa muri laboratoire hakoreshejwe ADN metabarcoding n'ubundi buryo bukurikirana. WCS ikoresha eDNA kugirango ivumbure amoko adasanzwe kandi yangirika kuva balale yinyamanswa kugeza inyenzi za Swinhoe softshell, bumwe mu bwoko budakunze kubaho ku isi.
Ubushyuhe ikarita ikurikirana isoma za bagiteri zamenyekanye kandi zashyizwe muburyo bwa tagisi ukoresheje SingleM hamwe na base ya Greengenes kuva kuri buri rubuga.
Nubwo ubushakashatsi bwa Everest bwibanze ku kumenyekanisha urwego, itsinda ryashoboye kumenya ibinyabuzima byinshi kugeza ku bwoko cyangwa ku bwoko.
Kurugero, itsinda ryerekanye rotifers na tardigrades, inyamaswa ebyiri nto zizwiho gutera imbere muri bimwe mubidukikije bikaze kandi bikabije kandi bifatwa nkimwe mu nyamaswa zikomeye zizwi kwisi. Byongeye kandi, bavumbuye inkoko y’urubura yo muri Tibet iboneka muri parike y’igihugu ya Sagarmatha batungurwa no kubona amoko nkimbwa zo mu rugo n’inkoko zigaragaza ingaruka z’ibikorwa by’abantu ku butaka.
Basanze kandi ibiti by'inanasi bishobora kuboneka gusa ku misozi kure cyane y'aho batanze urugero, byerekana uburyo amabyi aturuka ku muyaga agenda cyane muri aya masoko. Ikindi kiremwa basanze ahantu henshi ni mayfly, kizwi cyane cyerekana impinduka z’ibidukikije.
Ibarura rya eDNA rizafasha mu gihe kizaza cya biomonitori ya Himalaya ndende n’ubushakashatsi bwa molekuline bwisubireho kugira ngo hamenyekane impinduka uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana bitewe n’ubushyuhe buterwa n’ikirere, ibibarafu bishonga ndetse n’ingaruka z’abantu bihindura iyi miterere y’ibinyabuzima yihuta cyane.
Dr. Tracey Seimon wo muri gahunda y’ubuzima bw’amatungo ya WCS, ayoboye itsinda rya Everest Biofield akaba n’umushakashatsi uyobora, yagize ati: “Hariho ibinyabuzima byinshi. Ibidukikije byo mu misozi, harimo n’umusozi wa Everest, bigomba gufatwa nkaho bigomba gukurikiranwa igihe kirekire n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye by’imisozi miremire, hiyongereyeho gukurikirana ibinyabuzima no gusuzuma ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. ”
Dr Marisa Lim wo muri Sosiyete ishinzwe kubungabunga inyamaswa yagize ati: “Twagiye ku gisenge cy'isi dushakisha ubuzima. Dore ibyo twabonye. Ariko, inkuru ntirangirira aho. fasha kumenyesha ubwenge bw'ejo hazaza. ”
Umuyobozi w’ubushakashatsi mu murima, umushakashatsi w’igihugu cya geografiya akaba na Porofeseri wungirije muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Appalachiya, Dr. Anton Simon yagize ati: “Mu binyejana byashize, igihe babazwaga bati 'Kuki ujya muri Everest?', George Mallory wazamutse mu Bwongereza yarashubije ati 'kubera ko yari ahari. Ikipe yacu ya 2019 yari ifite ibitekerezo bitandukanye cyane: twagiye ku musozi wa Everest kuko yari itanga amakuru kandi ishobora kutwigisha iby'isi dutuye. ”
Mugutanga amakuru yamakuru yatanzwe kumuryango wubushakashatsi, abanditsi bizeye ko bazagira uruhare mubikorwa bigamije kubaka umutungo wa molekile wo kwiga no gukurikirana impinduka z’ibinyabuzima ku misozi miremire y’isi.
Ingingo yatanzwe: Lim et al., Ukoresheje ADN ibidukikije kugirango usuzume ibinyabuzima bitandukanye byigiti cyubuzima kuruhande rwamajyepfo yumusozi wa Everest, iScience (2022) Marisa KV Lim, 1Anton Seimon, 2Batya Nightingale, 1Charles SI Xu, 3Stefan RP Holloy, 4Adam J. Solon, 5Nicholas B. Ikiyoka, 5Steven K. Schmidt, 5Alex Tate, 6Sandra Alvin, 6Aurora K. Elmore, 6,7 na Tracey A. Simon1,8,
1 Umuryango uharanira kubungabunga inyamaswa, gahunda y’ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY 10460, Amerika 2 Kaminuza ya Leta ya Appalachiya, Ishami ry’imiterere n’igenamigambi, Boone, NC 28608, Amerika 3 Kaminuza ya McGill, Ishami rya Redpath ry’ingoro ndangamurage n’ibinyabuzima, Montreal, H3A 0G4 , KanadaQ94 Ishami ry’inganda zibanze, Wellington 6011, Nouvelle-Zélande 5 Kaminuza ya Colorado, Ishami ry’ibidukikije n’ibinyabuzima byabayeho biturutse ku bwihindurize, Boulder, CO 80309, Amerika 6 Sosiyete nkuru y’imiterere y’igihugu, Washington, DC, 20036, USAQ107 Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’inyanja n’ikirere, Ifeza- Isoko, MD 20910, AMERIKA 8 Bayobora Guhuza * Itumanaho
Inshingano: WCS ikiza inyamanswa n’ibinyabuzima ku isi binyuze muri siyanse, imbaraga zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, uburezi no gushishikariza abantu gushima ibidukikije. Kugira ngo dusohoze inshingano zacu, WCS ishingiye kuri Zoo ya Bronx, ikoresha imbaraga zose za gahunda yayo yo kubungabunga isi, isurwa buri mwaka n'abantu miliyoni 4 mu bihugu bigera kuri 60 ndetse n'inyanja zose z'isi, ndetse na parike eshanu zo mu gasozi muri New York. WCS ihuza ubumenyi bwayo muri pariki na aquarium kugirango igere ku nshingano zayo zo kubungabunga. Sura: icyumba cyamakuru.wcs.org Kurikira: @WCSNewsroom. Kubindi bisobanuro: 347-840-1242. Umva WCS Wild Audio podcast hano.
Nka kigo cyambere cya leta mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba, kaminuza ya leta ya Appalachian itegura abanyeshuri kubaho ubuzima bwuzuye nkabatuye isi bumva kandi bafata inshingano zo gushyiraho ejo hazaza heza kuri bose. Ubunararibonye bwa Apalachian butera umwuka wo kwishyira hamwe muguhuza abantu muburyo butera imbaraga bwo kunguka no guhanga ubumenyi, gukura muri rusange, gukorana ishyaka no kwiyemeza, no kwakira ubudasa nibitandukaniro. Appalachians, iherereye mu misozi ya Blue Ridge, ni imwe mu bigo 17 byo muri kaminuza ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru. Hamwe n’abanyeshuri bagera ku 21.000, kaminuza ya Appalachian ifite umubare muto w’abanyeshuri n’abarimu kandi itanga porogaramu zirenga 150 n’abanyeshuri barangije.
Ubufatanye bwa National Geographic na Rolex bushigikira ingendo zo gucukumbura ahantu hakomeye kwisi. Hifashishijwe ubumenyi bwa siyansi buzwi ku isi ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugira ngo hamenyekane ubumenyi bushya kuri sisitemu zikomeye ku buzima ku isi, izi ngendo zifasha abahanga, abafata ibyemezo ndetse n’abaturage baho gutegura no gushakira igisubizo ingaruka z’ikirere n’ikirere. Ibidukikije birahinduka, bivuga ibitangaza byisi yacu binyuze mumateka akomeye.
Hafi yikinyejana, Rolex yashyigikiye abashakashatsi b'abapayiniya bashaka guhana imbibi z'abantu. Isosiyete yavuye mu gushyigikira ubushakashatsi bwo kuvumbura ikarinda isi mu kwiyemeza igihe kirekire cyo gutera inkunga abantu n’imiryango ikoresha siyanse mu gusobanukirwa no guteza imbere ibisubizo by’ibibazo by’ibidukikije muri iki gihe.
Ubu bufatanye bwashimangiwe n’itangizwa rya Forever Planet muri 2019, ryabanje kwibanda ku bantu batanga umusanzu ku isi nziza binyuze muri Rolex Awards ya Enterprises, kurinda inyanja binyuze mu bufatanye na Mission Blue, no guhindura imihindagurikire y’ikirere. byumvikana nkigice cyumubano wacyo na National Geographic Society.
Ubwiyongere bwagutse bwubundi bufatanye bwemejwe na gahunda ya Perpetual Planet ubu burimo: ingendo za polar zitera imbibi zubushakashatsi bwamazi; Fondasiyo imwe ya Ocean na Menkab irinda ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bya cetacean muri Mediterane; Urugendo rwa Xunaan-Ha rugaragaza ubwiza bw’amazi muri Yucatan, Mexico; Urugendo runini muri Arctique mu 2023 gukusanya amakuru kubyerekeye iterabwoba rya Arctique; Imitima Mubarafu, no gukusanya amakuru kubyerekeye imihindagurikire y’ikirere muri Arctique; na Monaco Blue Initiative, ihuza impuguke mubisubizo byo kubungabunga inyanja.
Rolex kandi ishyigikira amashyirahamwe nibikorwa byita ku gisekuru kizaza cy'abashakashatsi, abahanga ndetse n'abashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije binyuze muri bourse n'inkunga nk'ishyirahamwe ry’abanyeshuri bo ku isi munsi y’amazi yo mu mazi ndetse n’impano ya Rolex Explorers Club.
National Geographic Society ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu ku isi ukoresha imbaraga za siyanse, ubushakashatsi, uburezi, no kuvuga inkuru kugirango umurikire kandi urinde ibitangaza byisi. Kuva mu 1888, National Geographic yagiye itera imbibi z’ubushakashatsi, ishora mu mpano zitinyutse n’ibitekerezo bihindura, itanga inkunga irenga 15,000 y’akazi ku migabane irindwi, igera ku banyeshuri miliyoni 3 buri mwaka hamwe n’amasomo y’uburezi, kandi ishishikaza isi yose binyuze mu gusinya. , inkuru n'ibirimo. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi, sura kuri www.nationalgeographic.org cyangwa udukurikirane kuri Instagram, Twitter na Facebook.
Inshingano: WCS ikiza inyamanswa n’ibinyabuzima ku isi binyuze muri siyanse, imbaraga zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, uburezi no gushishikariza abantu gushima ibidukikije. WCS ikorera muri pariki ya Bronx, ikoresha imbaraga zose za gahunda yo kubungabunga isi ku isi kugira ngo isohoze inshingano zayo, aho buri mwaka hasurwa miliyoni 4 mu bihugu bigera kuri 60 ndetse n’inyanja zose zo ku isi, ndetse na parike eshanu zo mu gasozi mu mujyi wa New York. WCS ihuza ubumenyi bwayo muri pariki na aquarium kugirango igere ku nshingano zayo zo kubungabunga. Sura icyumba cyamakuru.wcs.org. Kwiyandikisha: @WCSNewsroom. Amakuru yinyongera: +1 (347) 840-1242.
Umwe mu bashinze SpaceRef, umunyamuryango wa Club Explorers Club, uwahoze ari NASA, itsinda ryabasuye, umunyamakuru, icyogajuru na astrobiologue, yananiwe kuzamuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-10-2022